Die Care4Saxony-Nachwuchsforscher Lorenz Harst und Patrick Timpel haben zusammen mit Sarah Oswald (Masterstudiengang Public Health) und Prof. Dr. Peter Schwarz (UKD, Prävention und Versorgung des Diabetes), eine systematische Literaturrecherche zur Wirksamkeit von Telemedizin bei Patienten mit Diabetes, Lipidstoffwechselstörung und Buthochdruck im Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR) veröffentlicht.
Bis 2030 wird eine steigende Prävalenz und Co-Prävalenz chronischer Erkrankungen, insbesondere Diabetes, Hypertonie und Lipidstoffwechselstörungen, bei älteren Patienten erwartet .
Telemedizin soll den Zugang zu Zielgruppen und die Versorgungsoutcomes bei Patienten chronischen Erkrankungen verbessern . Trotz einzelner Wirksamkeitsnachweise von ausgewählten Anwendungen sind konkrete evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen zur Verwendung von Telemedizin in aktuellen Leitlinien nicht existent. Neben unklaren Wirkmechanismen von Telemedizin und ihren einzelnen Komponenten, erschweren methodische Schwächen der Studiendesigns in vielen Evaluationsstudien die Ableitung konkreter Aussagen zur Wirksamkeit und somit letzten Endes eine breitere Anwendung.
Ziel der Publikation war es daher, internationale Evidenz zur Wirksamkeit von Telemedizin und ihren Komponenten bei Diabetes, Hypertonie oder Lipidstoffwechselstörung zu identifizieren und zu systematisieren.
Dafür wurden die Ergebnisse aus 46 Systematischen Literaturübersichten und Meta-Analysen aggreggiert, systematisiert und auf ihre mehodische Robustheit geprüft.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Telemedizin-Anwendungen durchaus in der Lage sind, den Langzeitblutzucker (HbA1c) von Patientinnen und Patienten mit Diabetes zu senken. Besonders hohe Reduktionsraten zeigen sich dabei bei für Patienten mit einer kürzlich gestellten Diagnose (<7 Jahre seit Diagnose), denjenigen mit einem hohen Blutzuckerwert zu Beginn der Intervention (HbA1c > 8 %) sowie tendenziell bei jüngeren Patientinnen und Patienten (<50 Jahre). Telemedizin-Anwendungen haben keine Auswirkungen auf den Blutdruck bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit Bluthochdruck. Zudem wurden keine Übersichtsarbeiten gefunden, die alleine die Wirksamkeit von Telemedizin für Patientinnen und Paienten mit Lipidstoffwechselstörungen untersucht hätten.
Die Qualitätsanalyse der eingeschlossenen Systematischen Literaturübersichten und Meta-Analysen anhand des GRADE-Tools zeigt eine allenfalls moderate bis niedrige Studienqualität auf. Dies liegt einerseits daran, dass bereits in den Originalstudien ein erhöhtes Bias-Risiko durch mangelnde Randomisierung und Verblindung vorliegt, andererseits aber auch an der hohen Heterogenität der verglichenen Studienpopulationen und Anwendungen.
Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit erlauben einen besseren Zuschnitt neuer Telemedizin-Anwendungen insb. für Patientinnen und Patienten mit Diabetes (sog. Tailoring). Sie haben damit das Potential, die Aktualisierung zukünftiger Leitlinien in der Diabetesprävention und -versorgung zu unterstützen. Mit Blick auf die niedrigen GRADE-Bewertungen müssen die identifizierten Wirksamkeitsnachweise jedoch mit Vorsicht interpretiert werden. Damit einhergehende methodische Schwierigkeiten bei der Evaluation multimodaler und daher sehr unterschiedlicher Anwendungen und Nutzertypen sollten von zukünftigen Studien berücksichtigt werden. Daraus ergibt sich außerdem, dass es für die Evaluation von Telemedizin-Anwendungen zumindest Alternativen zum klassischen RCT geben sollte.
Der Volltext ist hier zu finden.
Copyright
©Patrick Timpel, Sarah Oswald, Peter E H Schwarz, Lorenz Harst. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18.03.2020. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.
Referenzen {1908008:9IWB8XEI};{1908008:Q9SRIXA6},{1908008:FX8V9UI7};{1908008:R25B6382};{1908008:K435QZHN};{1908008:ESGC7VCL} apa author asc no 2214
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